Avalon Acoustics Sentinel Reference

Text of Avalon Acoustics Sentinel User Guide:

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 24 4 Wiring Instructions WARNING: Failure to follow the set-up and wiring instructions explicitly may cause damage to your loudspeakers and void your warranty. Introduction The Sentinel crossover is designed specifically for use with the drivers in the upper speaker cabinet. The crossover is housed in a separate enclosure, designed to be placed directly behind the speaker. Input to the upper speaker cabinet drivers is facilitated by a two-position terminal block, using your own speaker cable, and is for SINGLE-WIRING ONLY. By contrast, the lower speaker cabinet is actively powered by, and directly connect

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 9 2 Unpacking Instructions Introduction Your Avalon Acoustics loudspeakers and sub amplifiers were shipped in seven heavy-duty crates to ensure their safe arrival. It is recommended to save these crates and boxes for possible future use. Due to the weight of the system, the listening room floor structure must be extremely robust and reliable. WARNING: The Sentinel Active Reference System weighs over 1,100 pounds (approximately 520 kg). You MUST evaluate and verify the integrity of the intended listening

• 25 4.1 Wiring and Field Interactions The Sentinel Active Reference System is an extremely revealing, high-energy device. Therefore, it is important to carefully plan the placement and routing of wires when setting up your music reproduction system. Wiring is a task that is often performed in a quick and haphazard manner, driven by the excitement and anticipation of listening

• 43 10.1 Standing Waves The parallel surfaces of most listening rooms can lead to a potential problem at any frequency. A sound wave can be repeatedly reflected from opposing surfaces, back and forth. If the distance between the surfaces is an integral multiple of one-half the sound wavelength, a standing wave will be set up. This means that the incident and reflected waves com

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 44 10.2 Flutter Echo These parallel, reflective surfaces can also produce a different audible problem. If there is little absorption at higher frequencies, a musical transient containing high frequencies, such as a hand clap or the strike of a percussion instrument, can be heard bouncing repeatedly between the surfaces. Called flutter echo (or slap echo), these multiple reflections can obscure musical detail. The situation is analogous to standing between two parallel mirro

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 57 12 Accuracy of Bass Reproduction Introduction We have all had the experience of listening to speakers with poor bass quality. Perhaps the bass was muddy, or ill-defined. Possibly the bass was exaggerated or bloated. In any case, these type of distortions are distracting and can keep us from enjoying the full measure of the performer's intent. When it comes to the reproduction of low frequencies, Avalon Acoustics pursues a different design goal than most other manufacturers. Specifically, we believe that the complete absence of stored resonant energy is of paramount sonic importance. First, we will discuss

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 27 4.3 Connecting Speaker Cable to the Crossover 1. Locate the input terminal block on the bottom of the crossover cabinets. Route your own SINGLE-WIRED speaker cables to these INPUT terminals. 2. Connect your own speaker wires (for the upper speaker cabinet drivers) to the INPUT terminal block on the bottom of the crossover cabinet, as shown in Figure 4.2. Do NOT over-tighten the binding posts. IMPORTANT: Correct polarity of connections is critical to performance. Check to insure that the polarity is correct at both the amplifier and cro

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 23 3.5 Sub Amplifier Set-up Place the Sub Amplifiers in their final set-up positions, allowing 8 inches at the rear for tightening the speaker output connectors. The power transformer in the Sub Amplifier is located at the front-center of the unit. Ideally, a few feet should separate this area from components which potentially could pick up hum. These include preamplifiers, turntables, and interconnect cables. In terms of providing adequate airspace for cooling, a good rule of thumb is to allow 6 inches above and

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 29 4.4 Connecting Subwoofer to the Sub Amplifier 1. Locate the lower speaker cabinet wiring harnesses: two single-conductor wiring cables with the label "SUB". These harnesses are hard-wired directly to the lower loudspeaker cabinet sub drivers, in order to provide the most unobstructed signal path. 2. Connect the lower speaker cabinet wiring to the OUTPUT connectors on the back of the sub amplifier. 3. Check to insure the correct polarity: The spade with the RED label connects to the positive (+) terminal, and the spade with the

• 6 1.1 Low Noise Floor A key element in achieving the sonic goals mentioned in the previous section is significantly reducing the noise floor. The term "noise floor," in this discussion, refers to the stray uncorrelated energy that is produced as an artifact by the loudspeaker. This manifests itself in latent energy below the musical signal and in deleterious phase noise.

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 31 5 Break-in Period Your new Avalon Acoustics Sentinel Active Reference System has an initial break-in period. It will not perform to its full sonic potential when first installed in your system. This is due to a residual polarization of the dielectric materials used in the crossover capacitors and internal wiring. 1 As music is played through the loudspeakers, the electrical signal will gradually anneal these materials. Similarly, the suspensions of the drivers will

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 42 An Optical Analogy Let us use a visual analogy to aid our understanding of acoustics. Imagine that you are in a room that is lit only by a candle in its center. There is (approximately) a uniform amount of light cast in all directions. If a large mirror is held closely to candle, one half of the room becomes darkened, while the other half receives twice as much light. This is because there are effectively two candles now illuminating that half of the room, the real candle, and the virtual (or reflected) candle. The energy that had been sent to both sides of the room has now been concentrated in

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 33 1. Set the Master Gain on the subwoofer amplifier (see Figure 6.1) to match the output level of your main amplifier. This adjustment is both equipment and room dependent and should be tuned by ear while performing careful listening tests. Consult your dealer should you need assistance. FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE ROOM COMPENSATION 42 Hz Flat 34dB/ 40dB 22dB/ 28dB 28dB/ 34dB MASTER GA IN 30 Hz 65 Hz -6 dB + 6dB 2. Set the Amplitude control for the room compensation to the minimum setting. This creates a deep notch in the f

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 15 3 System Set-up WARNING: Failure to follow the set-up and wiring instructions explicitly may cause damage to your loudspeakers and void your warranty. Preparation In order to begin system set-up, it is important that all materials are unpacked and all cabinets are removed from the crates in accordance with Chapter 2, Unpacking Instructions, beginning on page 9. Then remove all the empty crates from the listening room to provide for additional assembly space. Removing Apex ‘ Couplers from Set-up Blocks Remove all t

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 10 2.1 Room Preparation and Verification The Sentinel Active Reference System weighs over 1,100 pounds (about 520 kg). It is therefore crucial to verify the soundness of the intended listening room floor structure and to insure that the structure can safely support the device. If the listening room is not located on the ground floor, and/or if the floor structure is suspended, it is recommended that you consult a structural engineer for assistance. WARNING: The Sentinel Active Reference System weighs over 1,100 pounds (approximately 520 kg). You MUST evaluate and verif

• 19 5. Carefully lift each upper speaker cabinet by the small overhang at the base, and place it directly on top of the lower speaker cabinet, with the set- up blocks between them. Then gently slide the upper cabinet slightly forward to expose the wiring tubes in the lower cabinet (See Figure 3.4). 6. Route the upper speaker cabinet wiring through the wiri

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 48 Low Frequency Reflections The first significant reflection of low frequency sound waves comes from two corners behind the loudspeakers. Another important reflection occurs on the wall behind the speakers, midway between them. Similarly, low frequency corner and wall reflections take place at the opposite wall, behind the listener. These reflections can cause significant distortions in phase and amplitude, resulting in muddy bass definition, smeared bass transients, and compressed image definition. Placing Tube-Traps (available from Acoustic Sciences Corporation) at selected locations and orientations in the listening

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 47 It is not necessary to acoustically treat the entire room to achieve good results. Strategic treatment of specific locations can realize considerable benefits. Remember that when sound waves reflect from a flat surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, just as a mirror reflects light waves. Therefore, the most important location for sound absorbing material is the point where the sound waves reflect to the listener (see Figure 9.2). Early reflections will tend to diminish the sound stage in the direction of the reflections, i.e. early reflections from the side walls tend to reduce sound-stage widt

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 61 Designing for Accurate Bass Reproduction How, then, does one arrive at the goal of a loudspeaker that provides tonal accuracy in the listening room? The answer, in large part, comes in the form of the digital computer. It is possible to create a mathematical model of a listening room, and predict the response of a given speaker in that room. With the computer model, it is quite easy to change the position of the speaker in the room, or other parameters of the model. In this way, a composite picture can be created of a wide variety of rooms and speaker locations. This enables

• Avalon Acoustics Sentinel, 58 12.1 Sensitivity to Time-Related Information It is widely known that the human ear/brain system is extremely sensitive to time-related distortions. This can be understood when one realizes that directional and spatial information is provided by inter-aural time (and phase) differences. During the period of man's evolution, the ability to accurately determine the direction and distance of sound sources conferred a decided survival advantage, hence our present day aural sensitivity to time-related information. This sensitivity to time-related in

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