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World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio Operation & User’s Manual

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World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio Manual Online:

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World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio User Manual
World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio User Guide
World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio Online Manual

Text of World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio User Guide:

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 87 Virgin Radio has been available on the net for nearly a decade. In 1996, Virgin was the first station in Europe to broadcast 24 hours online, initially using Real Player. Nowadays, Virgin has four radio stations, which are available online in a variety of different formats and speeds. Virgin stations are currently available in the following formats: • Windows Media 20 kbps mono • Windows Media 64 kbps stereo • Real SureStream 8 kbps - 32 kbps mono • Streaming MP3 32 kbps mono • Streaming MP3 128 kbps stereo • Ogg Vorbis ~20 kbps mono • Ogg Vorbis ~160 k

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 52 (3) RF/Transmission System “RF/Transmission” refers to channel coding and modulation. The channel coder takes the multiplexed bit stream and applies coding and interleaving that can be used by the receiver to reconstruct the data from the received signal, which because of transmission impairments, may not accurately represent the transmitted signal. The processed bit stream is modulated onto the OFDM subcarriers that are transformed to time domain pulses, concatenated, and up-converted to the FM band. Figure 4.14: Block diagram of HD Radio transmission and reception multiplexing 7UDQVSR

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 12 The combination of these techniques results in high quality sound in a narrow channel with robust reception in an intended coverage area with relatively low transmission power. In addition, source coding schemes using lower bit rates than that used with AAC/SBR are included for lesser levels of audio quality if the AAC/SBR quality level is not desired by a broadcaster. For example, a broadcaster may want to transmit two or more “speech”

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 38 Figure 4.5: Example diagram of hierarchical transmission and partial reception (7) Connected transmission Efficient transmission Connected transmission is defined as a transmission of multiple segments (e.g., multiple programs) from the same transmitter with no guard band. In addition, the channels of independent broadcasters can be transmitted together without guard bands from the same transmitter as long as the frequency and bit synchronisation are kept the same between the channels. But broadcasters can have their own RF channel in which they can select

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 97 Table A.2: Example of possible number of programs Protection level (increasing protection) Audio data rate (kbps) 54321 24* N/A 64 48 36 24 32 54 41 36 29 24 64 27 20 18 14 12 128 13 10 9 7 6 192 9 7 6 5 4 224 7 6 5 4 3 256 6 5 4 3 3 * At most audio data rates, Eureka 147 uses Unequal Error Protection an error protection procedure which allows the bit error characteristics to be matched with the bit error sensitivity of the different parts of the audio frame. At the lowest data rate, 24 kbps, Eureka 147 uses Equal Error Protection, an error protection procedure which ensures a constant protection of the bit stream. Audio

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 61 Figure 4.20: Estimation of the channel usage in Band III for T-DAB (RPC4: suitable for mobile reception; RPC5: suitable for portable indoor reception) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 5A 5B 5C 5D 6A 6B 6C 6D 7A 7B 7C 7D 8A 8B 8C 8D 9A 9B 9C 9D 10A 10B 10C 10D 11A 11B 11C 11D 12A 12B 12C 12D Frequency Blocks Number of Entries RPC4 RPC5 Figure 4.20 shows that T-DAB mobile reception (RPC4) represents the major proportion of the T-DAB requirements and that channels 11 and 12 are the most used for T-DAB. The GE06 Agreement offers a great deal of flexibility for using a digital entry i

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - WORLDSPACE 68 Subsequently WorldSpace developed a hybrid satellite and terrestrial repeater system designated as ITU-R System Dh to provide reliable reception in vehicles. This system has other enhancements including time diversity. This system has also been utilised by XM Satellite Radio to provide DARS services in the US (refer to Section 5.2). 5.1.1 Receiver Systems Receivers for the WorldSpace system are described on the Worldspace website at: www

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 53 stereo signal is digitally demodulated and demultiplexed by the FM receiver to produce a sampled, stereo audio signal. The base band digital signal is first sent to the modem, where it is processed by the First Adjacent Cancellation system to suppress interference from potential first-adjacen

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 100 show that L Band can be used to provide indoor reception with a well designed terrestrial retransmission network. Canadian authorities consider L Band to be suitable for terrestrial digital radio services and are using only L Band for their Eureka 147 services. In the US, S Band has been used for terrestrial digital radio repeaters and GSM phones have been implemented at 1800 MHz and can provide adequate indoor reception. Recent system developments Digital radio is likely to turn from a simple audio-only service, merely simulcasting existing analogue programmes, into a far more interactive and rich experience across several platf

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SOURCES 93 • EBU BPN 011: Collated performance Evaluations of the Eureka 147 DAB system, Final Report of the EBU Project group B/DAC (Digital Audio Characterisation), September 1997 • Joern Jensen (NRK): DMB in Korea, document WorldDAB SB 569r1 • Http://www.frontier-silicon.com/news/Releases/FSChorusReaches250kMilestone.asp • TR 101 154: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications • TR 102 154: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use o

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 40 (8) Transmission capacities The transmission capacities of the single-segment and the triple-segment are shown in Table 4.3 and 4.4 respectively. Table 4.3: Information bit rates for the single-segment transmission (Segment BW=6/14MHz) Information Rates (kbps) Carrier Modulation Convolutional Code Guard Interval Ratio 1/4 Guard Int

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 46 existing analogue signal. As a result, HD Radio receivers are expected to cost no more than 20% more than existing analogue receivers. Figure 4.9 - Typical HD Radio Automobile Receivers The first phase of the HD Radio receiver roll out is focusing on automobile and home hi-fi receivers. Aftermarket automobile receivers and home receivers began reaching the market in early 2004. OEM automobile receivers are scheduled to be introduced for the automobile model year 2006, which should be launched in the third quarter of 2005. Figure 4.9 shows fully functional automobile receivers designed to fit into the standard car mount

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 35 4.3 Japan's Digital Radio Broadcasting (ISDB-TSB) 4.3.1 Overview ISDB-TSB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial for Sound Broadcasting) system was developed for terrestrial Digital Sound Broadcasting (DSB) and was included in the ITU-R Recommendation BS.1114-3 in 2004. The system specification was developed by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) in October 1998. Laboratory experiments and field trials using Tokyo Tower were carried out to verify the system performance in 1999 and th

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 96 Data Services Each audio program contains PAD with a variable capacity (minimum 667 bps, up to 65 kbps) which is used to convey information together with the sound program. Typical examples of PAD applications are dynamic range control information, a dynamic label to display program titles or lyrics, speech/music indication and text with graphic features. Additionally, general data may be transmitted as a separate service. This may be either in the form of a continuous stream segmented into 24 ms logical frames with a data rate of n x 8 kbps (n x 32 kbps

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 55 Figure 4.16 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 64 96 128 160 192 kbps MPEG AAC Dolby AC3 Lucent PAC MPEG L2 Source: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 46, No. 3, March 1998, p. 164. Where the signal quality refers to the Subjective Difference Grade ITU scale (ITU-R BS.562) as follows: 0 = Imperceptible -1 = Perceptible but not annoying -2 = Slightly annoying -3 = Annoying -4 = Very annoying Not shown in the previous graph is the usage of

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 42 • To define a specification for transmission signals on experimental radio waves • To operate experimental radio waves and to publicize operation schedules (2) Trial receivers At present, no receivers are sold in the commercial market. Thus, different types of trial receivers were developed for the use of experimental hearing. Trial receivers include PC-card receivers that have an antenna on the top of a PCMCIA card, portable receivers (1-segment only) for the DRP, and PDA (Personal Digital Assis

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 82 (6) Podcasting Podcasting is a way to 'subscribe' to radio programmes and have them delivered to your personal computer. Podcasting stands for Personal On-Demand (narrow)casting. It combines blogging with audio files that can be played on your PC or MP3 player. It involves a “push” of specially encoded multimedia content to subscribed PCs via RSS 2.0 protocol. Podcasting allows the listener to choose not only to what to listen to, but also when and where. Users can return feedback and comments. It is n

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - WORLDSPACE 65 5 Satellite Transmission The Broad Picture For many years, satellites in geostationary orbits (GSO’s) have been used successfully by broadcasters for distributing programmes and services from the originating studios to terrestrial transmitting stations. It is cost effective and reliably delivers high

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 20 Many ancillary aspects of the Eureka 147 system, such as multimedia delivery, distribution interfaces and user interactivity are also formally defined in ETSI standards. Eureka 147 can be implemented for a range of applications such as wide area or local delivery of audio and data services for mobil

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX C: ACRONYMS 112 APPENDIX C Glossary of Acronyms AAC Advanced Audio Coding AAS Advanced Application Services ADR Astra Digital Radio AM Amplitude Modulation API Advanced Programming Interface ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BER Bit Error Rate Bit Binary digit Bitrate Rate of flow of bits per second BSS(S) Broadcast satellite services (Sound) BWS Broadcast Website CA Conditional Access CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CCETT Centre Commun d’Etudes de Telediffusion et Telecommunication

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 57 Deployment Status Current deployment statistics for the HD Radio System in the United States are shown below. Figure 4.17: Deployment status of HD Radio in the United States as of February 2005 570 Licensees 140 Markets 46 Top 50 Markets 212 Licensed Groups 18 Licensed Top 20 49 States Serviced* * Includes Washington, DC and Puerto Rico Population Served 198,000,000 Listeners Served 32,000,000 250 On The Air 71 Markets 37 Top 50 Markets 38 States Served Population Served 150,000,000 Listeners Served 23,000,000 Rnk Market # On

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 80 The streaming system architecture comprises four elements: capture and encoding, serving, distribution and delivery and media player. Capture and encoding takes the source audio from the microphone and exports it into a compressed (encoded) computer file. These files are stored on a content server which controls the real-time delivery of the stream. The distribution channel (usually the Internet) connects the server to the player. The media player renders the media on the PC or another device (hand-held wireless devices, games consoles, interactive TV, etc). As Internet is overlaid on teleco

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 78 6.4 Internet Radio as a complement to established radio services Since 1995, most traditional broadcasters have set up websites in order to provide complementary information for their listeners and viewers. The websites can provide a variety of textual and pictorial on-line services, as well as on-demand audio or audio/video clips associated with n

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 7 2 WHAT IS DIGITAL RADIO?........................................................................................................... 8 3 WHY DIGITAL RADIO? ................................................................................................................ 10 4 TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS............................................................................. 11 4.1 DRM – D IGITAL RADIO MONDIALE ....................................................................................

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 29 DAB. Notwithstanding the results of such a study, it should be remembered that the ultimate choice may not necessarily be taken on purely the technical grounds. The history teaches us that not always the best technology wins, as the business interests may sometimes be more important (e.g., VHS versus Betamax about VCR technology). (2) DAB as carrier of multichannel audio Concerning multi-channel audio, many EBU broadcasters would like to see it introduced not only in the satellite and cable systems but also in terrestrial DAB and DVB-T sy

  • DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 32 (1) In-Home Receivers With launch prices high in 1999 and very little broadcast content available, take-up was predictably slow, and product was initially stocked only by a handful of specialist retailers. Today, a wide range of manufacturers have joined the market, and costs have fallen significantly. New players have joine

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX C: ACRONYMS 113 DRB Digital Radio Broadcasting DRDB Digital Radio Development Bureau DRM Digital Radio Mondiale DRP Digital Radio Promotion DSB Double Side Band DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSR Digital Satellite Radio DTH Direct to Home DTS Digital Theatre System DTT Digital Terrestrial Television DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DVB-H Digital Video Broadcasting – Handheld DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial DXB Digital Extended Broadcasting, a German-funded project EBU European Broadcasting Union EIA Electronic Industries Alliance (formerly Electronic Industries Association) EMK Electr

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 109 Receiver Standards European receiver standards have been developed by CENELEC, IEC and national standards bodies (e.g., UK). A list of relevant receiver standards is in Table A.4. Table A.4: Receiver Standards for Eureka 147 Reference Title CENELEC EN 50255 Digital Audio Broadcasting system - Specification of the Receiver Data Interface (RDI) CENELEC EN 50248 Characteristics of DAB receivers CENELEC EN 50320 The DAB Command Set for receivers IEC 62105 Digital Audio Broadcasting System - Specification of t

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 107 TPEG can be transported within the DAB system in the Transparent Data Channel (TDC) in a stream-like format; bytes come out in the same order they go in. 29 The TDC Specification allows TPEG data to be carried in three modes: packet mode, stream mode and X-PAD. Nevertheless, this approach which is specified in the present version of the DAB standard, involves several problems in terms of reception reliability and interpretation. It has therefore been proposed to transport TPEG as one of the multimedia applications i

  • World Broadcasting Unions Digital Radio, DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX C: ACRONYMS 114 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IFPI International Federation of the Phonographic Industry iMP Integrated Media Player IP Internet Protocol ISDB-TSB Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial for Sound Broadcasting ITU International Telecommunications Union ITU-R ITU Radiocommunications Sector IBAC In-Band Adjacent Channel IBOC In-Band / On-Channel JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group kbps 1000 bits per second LCD Liquid Crystal Display LF Low Frequency LW Long wave LEO Low earth orbit (satellite) MATS Mobile Aeronautical Telemetr

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