FLIR i3 Operation & User’s Manual

Text of FLIR i3 User Guide:

• FLIR i3, 10327203;a4 Figure 22.6 Planckian curves plotted on semi-log scales from 100 K to 1000 K. The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien's displacement law. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm 2 (μm)); 2: Wavelength (μm). 22.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law By integrating Planck’s formula from λ = 0 to λ = ∞, we obtain the total radiant emittance (W b ) of a blackbody: This is the Stefan-Boltzmann formula (after Josef Stefan, 1835–1893, and Ludwig Boltzmann, 1844–1906), which states that the total emissi

• FLIR i3, 15.5 Draft General Draft can be found under baseboards, around door and window casings, and above ceiling trim. This type of draft is often possible to see with an infrared camera, as a cooler airstream cools down the surrounding surface. NOTE When you are investigating draft in a house, there should be sub-atmospheric pressure in the house. Close all doors, windows, and ventilation ducts, and allow the kitchen fan to run for a while before you take the infrared images. An infrared image of draft often shows a typical stream pattern. You can see this stream pattern c

• FLIR i3, 10713303;a4 Figure 17.7 A profile (line) in an infrared image and a graph displaying the increasing temperature 17.3.4 Normal operating temperature Temperature measurement with thermography usually gives the absolute temperature of the object. In order to correctly assess whether the component is too hot, it is necessary to know its operating temperature, that is, its normal temperature if we consider the load and the temperature of its environment. As the direct measurement will give the absolute temperature—which must be con- sidered as well (as most components have an upper limit to their absolute tempera- tures)—it is necessary to calculate the expected operating temperature

• FLIR i3, ■ Do not make holes in the battery with objects. Do not hit the battery with a hammer. Do not step on the battery, or apply strong impacts or shocks to it. ■ Do not put the batteries in or near a fire, or into direct sunlight. When the battery becomes hot, the built-in safety equipment becomes energized and can stop the battery charging process. If the battery becomes hot, damage can occur to the safety equipment and this can cause more heat, damage or ignition of the battery. ■ Do not put the battery on a fire or increase the temperature of the battery with heat. ■ Do not put the battery on or near fires, stov

• FLIR i3, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Sweden, and the USA—together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors—support our international customer base. FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry. We an- ticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones. The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery-operated portable camera for industrial inspec- tions, and the first uncooled infr

• camera–software combination. Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance, R & D, and process monitoring is developed in-house. Most software is available in a wide variety of languages. We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications. 18.2 Sharing our knowledge Altho

• FLIR i3, CommentStructural drawing Insulation deficiencies due to improper installation of insulation batts around an attic floor beam. Cool air infiltrates the structure and cools down the in- side of the ceiling. This kind of insulation deficiency will show up as dark areas on an infrared image. 10553103;a2 Insulation deficiencies due to improper installation of insulation batts creating an air pocket on the outside of an inclined ceiling. This kind of insulation deficiency will show up as dark areas on an infrared image. 10553003;a2 68 Publ. No. T559580 Rev. a486 – ENGLISH (EN) – November

• FLIR i3, 16.3.4.3 Commented infrared images This section includes a few typical infrared images of moisture problems on commercial & residential façades. CommentInfrared image Improperly terminated and sealed stone veneer to window frame and missing flashings has resulted in moisture infiltration into the wall cavity and inte- rior living space. 10554703;a1 Moisture migration into drywall from capillary drive and interior finish components from inadequate clearance and slope of grade from vinyl siding façade on an apartment complex. 10554803;a1 16.3.5 Moisture detection (3): Decks & balconies 16.3.5.1 G

• 20 Thermographic measurement techniques 20.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tem-

• FLIR i3, 12.3 Infrared detector General Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image. To remove any dust from the detector, follow the procedure below. NOTE This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared detector. ■ ■ In some cases the dust cannot be removed by following this procedure: the infrared detector must be cleaned mechanically. This mechanical cleaning must be carried out by an authorized service partner. CAUTION In Step 2 below, do not use pressurized air from pneumatic air circuits in a workshop, etc., as this air usually contains oil mist to lubricat

• FLIR i3, 17.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations During thermographic inspections of different types of electrical installations, distur- bance factors such as wind, distance to object, rain or snow often influence the measurement result. 17.6.1 Wind During outdoor inspection, the cooling effect of the wind should be taken into account. An overheating measured at a wind velocity of 5 m/s (10 knots) will be approximately twice as high at 1 m/s (2 knots). An excess temperature measured at 8 m/s (16 knots) will be 2.5 times as high at 1 m/s (2 knots). This correction factor, which is based on empirical measurements, is usually applicable up to 8 m/s (16 k

• FLIR i3, μm). Although the wavelengths are given in μm (micrometers), other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region, e.g. nanometer (nm) and Ångström (Å). The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is: 22.3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength. The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radia- tion is explained by Kirchhoff’s Law (after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, 1824–1

• FLIR i3, However, the most common result of the identification and classification of the detected faults is a recommendation to repair immediately or as soon as it is practically possible. It is important that the repair crew is aware of the physical principles for the identifica- tion of defects. If a defect shows a high temperature and is in a critical situation, it is very common that the repair personnel expect to find a highly corroded component. It should also come as no surprise to the repair crew that a connection, which is usually healthy, can give the same high temperatures as a corroded one if it has come loose. These misinterpretations are quite common and

• FLIR i3, Push the On/Off button to turn on the camera. Note: If the camera does not start after you have charged the battery, push the reset button with a non-conductive tool. The reset button is located beside the battery connector, inside the battery compartment. Then press the On/Off button again. The reset button: T630179;a1 4 Open the lens cap by pushing the lens cap lever. T630177;a1 5 Aim the camera toward your target of interest.6 Pull the Save trigger to save the image.7 To move the image to a computer, do o

• FLIR i3, 2 Notice to user Typographical conventions This manual uses the following typographical conventions: Semibold is used for menu names, menu commands and labels, and buttons in dialog boxes. ■ ■ Italic is used for important information. ■ Monospace is used for code samples. ■ UPPER CASE is used for names on keys and buttons. User-to-user forums Exchange ideas, problems, and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user-to-user forums. To go to the forums, visit: http://www.infraredtraining.com/community/boards/ Calibration (This notice only a

• FLIR i3, 11.16 Changing the reflected apparent temperature General This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected by the object. If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected temperature it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly. Procedure Follow this procedure to set the reflected apparent temperature: Push the left selection button (Menu).1 Use the navigation pad to go to Measure.2 Push the left selection button (Select). This will display the Measure sub- menu. 3 Use the navigation pad to select Advanced.4 Push the left selection butto

• 13.1 Additional data Field of view & distance (FLIR i5) 10780503;a1 Figure 13.1 Relationship between the field of view and distance. 1: Distance to target; 2: VFOV = vertical field of view; 3: HFOV = horizontal field of view, 4: IFOV = instan- taneous field of view (size of one detector element). This table gives examples of the field of view for different target distances. Note: The

• FLIR i3, 16.3.5.2 Commented building structures This section includes a few typical examples of moisture problems on decks and balconies. CommentStructural drawing Improper sealing of paving and membrane to roof outlet, leading to leakage during rain. 10555203;a2 No flashing at deck-to-wall connection, leading to rain penetrating the concrete and insulation. 10555103;a2 Publ. No. T559580 Rev. a486 – ENGLISH (EN) – November 17, 2010 59 16 – Introduction to building thermography

• FLIR i3, 16.3.7.3 Commented infrared images This section includes a few typical infrared images of details of building structures where air infiltration has occurred. CommentInfrared image Air infiltration from behind a skirting strip. Note the typical ray pattern. 10552703;a1 Air infiltration from behind a skirting strip. Note the typical ray pattern. The white area to the left is a radiator. 10552803;a1 Air infiltration from behind a skirting strip. Note the typical ray pattern. 10552903;a1 66 Publ. No. T559580 Rev. a486 – ENGLISH (EN) – November 17, 2010 16 – Introduction to building thermography

• FLIR i3, the results of measurements, there are special requirements in terms of the skills and experience of those taking the measurements, e.g. by means of authorization by a national or regional standardization body. 16.4.2 The effects of testing and checking It can be difficult to anticipate how well the thermal insulation and airtightness of a completed building will work. There are certain factors involved in assembling the various components and building elements that can have a considerable impact

• FLIR i3, Table of contents 11 Warnings & Cautions ..................................................................................................................... 32 Notice to user .................................................................................................................................. 43 Customer help ................................................................................................................................ 54 Documentation updates ......................................................

• It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measuring high temperatures since the ‘disturbing’ radiation sources are relatively much stronger in the first case. Should also the object emittance be low, the situation would be still more difficult. We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above th

• FLIR i3, ➲ The factor 10 -6 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m 2 , μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves. Following any particular Planck curve, the spectral emittance is zero at λ = 0, then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength λ max and after passing it approaches zero again at very long wavelengths. The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs. 10327103;a4 Figu

• FLIR i3, 654321 20.78T20oxidized, heavilyCopper 10.88Toxidized to black- ness Copper 10.02T50–100polishedCopper 20.03T100polishedCopper 40.03T27polished, commer- cial Copper 40.015T22polished, mechan- ical Copper 40.008T22pure, carefully prepared surface Copper 40.07T27scrapedCopper 10.84TpowderCopper dioxide 10.70Tred, powderCopper oxide 10.89TEbonite 10.85T80coarseEmery 10.9T20Enamel 10.85–0.95T20lacquerEnamel 60.85SW20hard, untreatedFiber board 90.88LW70masoniteFiber board 90.75SW70masoniteFiber board 90.89LW70particle boardFiber board 90.77SW70particle boardFiber board 60.85SW20porous, untreatedFiber board 10.018T

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